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Despite significant accomplishments, these projects were discontinued amidst charges of fraud brought to national attention by Senator John McClellan's Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. The use of descriptors like “nation” and “conservative” represents the influence of the Black Power movement on these gangs. The Blackstone Ranger Nation and the Conservative Vice Lords procured government and private grants to conduct job training and community improvement programs. The public image of gangs improved in the late 1960s, when some of the more powerful black and Puerto Rican gangs joined forces with political groups and community development organizations. Gang violence occurred both within and across racial and ethnic lines throughout this period, with recruitment drives accounting for many homicides. By the mid-1960s, several gang niches had developed throughout the city: black gangs like the Blackstone Rangers and Vice Lords pervaded the South and West Sides, respectively Puerto Rican gangs such as the Latin Kings dominated theĪrea on the Northwest Side and Mexican gangs like the Latin Counts filled theĪrea around 18th Street. Partly as a defense against racial violence, which by the 1950s reached Chicago's Latino communities, African American, In 1946 to establish a Juvenile Bureau to investigate the role of youth groups in anti-black violence. These activities intensified with the accelerated migration of black southerners during Taking names like the Shielders and the Boundary Gang, white gangs patrolled the “color line” through the 1930s. “Big Bill” Thompson to victory in the municipal elections. Neighborhood after African American votes had helped lift Of 1919 established a pattern of white ethnic gang behavior that would affect the course of race relations in Chicago through the 1950s. Usually identifying themselves by streets that served as hangouts, several of these Italian gangs reportedly had connections with “Black Hand” syndicates. These gangs also engaged in territorial skirmishes with Italian gangs of the “Little Sicily” neighborhood to their south. Polish gangs located in the “Pojay” colony on the Northwest Side battled rival Polish groups across the river in theĪrea and southward, where a different Polish gang occupied every block of Milwaukee Avenue down to the industrial area along the Based in saloons and clubhouses, and often claiming the membership of over a hundred men ranging from their late teens to early thirties, theseĮnsured the elections of their patrons by stuffing ballot boxes and intimidating voters.īy the early twentieth century, Polish and In Irish communities, the sponsorship of gangs by politicians and businessmen transformed them into “athletic clubs” like the Hamburg Club, Ragen's Colts, and the Old Rose Athletic Club. During this period, gangs became entrenched in the These gangs fought constantly among themselves, but they united as the “Mickies” to battle black gangs to the east. Immigrants who settled there from the 1870s to the 1890s. Gangs, such as the Dukies and the Shielders, exerted a powerful influence on theĪround the stockyards, raiding peddlers, robbing men leaving work, fighting among themselves, and terrorizing the
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Where “political fixers” harnessed the energies of these men.īy the 1880s a thriving gang scene developed in When the professionalization ofĭepartments forced volunteer companies to disband, the locus of gang life shifted into Of the day as part of the culture of manly bravado. “Running with the machine” was celebrated in the With names like “Fire Kings,” these outfits of young, often single working-class men competed against one another in departmental reviews, brawled in the streets, and conducted social events. Chicago's first gangs developed along ethnic lines out of the volunteer fire departments during the antebellum period.